Category: Print defects

What you can see on the plate: stringing, warping, first layer failures, under-extrusion, layer shifts. Each page is written against one specific failure mode, with the settings that change it.

Stringing and oozing between parts

Fine hairs across gaps. Moisture first, temperature second, retraction third — in that order.

2 min read Print defects

Warping: corners lifting off the bed

Plastic shrinks as it cools and pulls the corners up. Heat is the fix, not adhesion tricks.

2 min read Print defects

First Layer Not Sticking: What 3D Printer Bed Adhesion Depends On

Nine times out of ten the plate is contaminated with skin oil, not badly levelled. Wash it before you touch the Z offset.

4 min read Print defects

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Temperature quick reference

Material	Nozzle	Bed	Dry?
PLA	200–220 °C	55–60 °C	no
PETG	230–250 °C	75–85 °C	yes
ABS	240–260 °C	95–110 °C	yes
ASA	250–265 °C	95–110 °C	yes
TPU	215–235 °C	40–60 °C	yes
PA-CF	260–290 °C	80–100 °C	yes

Ranges, not settings. Brand and machine both move these — start in the middle and run a temperature tower.